President Franklin D. Roosevelt s Presidential Election

Advertisements surround every American; whether it be a TV commercial for car, or a billboard for a resort â€Å"10 miles ahead.† American society has adapted to a society that sends messages to gain trust in products based on how it is advertised. Similar to U.S.’ capitalist society, the political system has become dependent on advertisements to instill trust in the people for candidates. President Franklin D. Roosevelt built his presidency on informing the public on his political strategies through the use of public radio (Walsh). In the 1952 presidential race, Dwight Eisenhower promoted his campaign by creating political advertisements on TV (Fowler, Franz, Ridout). Since then, not only have radio and TV advertisements been a defining aspect of presidential elections, but also, social media, a more modern avenue for politicians. This has become one of the most effective campaigning strategies in modern day elections. President Obama’s 2008 presidential race is one of the most significant examples. Obama made history by taking advantage of the social media outlet and successfully reaching audiences who previously were not targeted by the previous standard tactics. Historically, Presidential candidates have gained dependence on using advertisements and social media to promote their platform and qualifications of becoming president. Today, there is an increasing necessity to master these campaign strategies in order to communicate effectively with the American citizens. BeforeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt s Life And Education1717 Words   |  7 PagesBody of Research Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York as an only child to a rich couple. â€Å"Franklin’s family had been prominent for several generations, having made their fortune in real estate and trade. Roosevelt was the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family lived at Springwood, their estate in the Hudson River Valley in New York State.†(Biography.com Editors, pg.1).As previously inquired, the fact that Roosevelt had been bornRead MoreFranklin Delano Roosevelt s Life And Education1592 Words   |  7 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt was born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York as an only child to a rich couple. â€Å"Franklin’s family had been prominent for several generations, having made their fortune in real estate and trade. Roosevelt was the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. The family lived at Springwood, their estate in the Hudson River Valley in New York State.â₠¬ (Biography.com Editors, pg.1).As previously inquired, the fact that Roosevelt had been born to a rich familyRead MoreThe New Deal: Franklin Roosevelt879 Words   |  4 Pages The term, The New Deal, comes from Franklin Roosevelt’s 1932 democratic presidential nomination acceptance speech, Roosevelt says, I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.(Referring to the great depression) Roosevelt explains the New Deal as a use of the authority of government as an organized form of self-help for all classes and groups and sections of our country. The New Deal program was born in a Brain Trust meeting prior to Roosevelt’s inauguration. (Anonymous)Read MoreFranklin Roosevelt And The Making Of Modern America1707 Words   |  7 Pages the book, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Making of Modern America, the entire life of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) is told. This book includes all aspects of the former democratic Presidents life, from his parent’s life, his education, his life before presidency, his time in office, and his death. James Roosevelt s father Isaac, became wealthy through trading real estate, dried goods, and West Indian Sugar. James Roosevelt, like his father, grew up respectably wealthy near the banks of the HudsonRead MorePolitical Party During The 20th Century1411 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic leaders, the Republican party still had presidential icons such as Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and Dwight Eisenhower. With the amounts of political pull on both sides, it raises the question as to which political party was more successful during the 20th century. Although determining the outcome of which political party performed better depended solely on the different circumstances that presented themselves during each party s administrations, the Democratic party performed betterRead MoreForrest Gump Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pageseighteen presidents with significant authority. d. George Washington served temporarily as president. e. the national government was supreme over the states. 2. The Constitution sets the length of a presidential term is set at ________ years. a. two b. four c. six d. eight e. ten 3. The presidents power to convene Congress a. allows the president to make recess appointments. b. is largely symbolic today. c. is utilized regularly by modern presidents. d. was justifiedRead MorePresident Harry S. Truman762 Words   |  4 Pages2015 Presidential Research Paper President Harry S. Truman wasn’t only just a president, he was a US army soldier, a democratic senator, presiding judge, and a vice president. Before his presidency, he fought in World War 1. Recapping his roles before the presidency, once the war ended, Truman got discharged from the army and then went to attend Kansas City school of law. This is when he was on the road to becoming president. In 1933 Franklin d Roosevelt was elected 32nd president. Harry S. gotRead MoreTennessee Chief Justice Of The United States1511 Words   |  7 Pagesman-one vote’ rule in voting districts. Warren’s dedication in desegregation showed how he succeeded in keeping all segregation cases unanimous. Warren, appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson, headed a panel known as the Warren Commission to investigate President Kennedy’s assassination. Furthermore, Warren, during his time in Court, nationalized the Bill of Rights to all states. Moreover, Warren and his Court in the landmark case of Griswold v. Connecticut, established and protected the right to privacyRead MoreEssay on Franklin Delano Roosevelt1969 Words   |  8 PagesBiography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt, popularly known as FDR, was born on January 30, 1882 at the family estate in Hyde Park, New York. His father, James, graduated from Harvard Law School, married, had a son, and took over his family?s rights in coal and transportation. Despite the fact that he lost a good deal of money in financial gambles, he remained wealthy enough to travel by private railroad car, to live comfortably on his Hudson River estate at Hyde ParkRead MoreEssay on The United States Democratic Party History1027 Words   |  5 Pagesthe party holds a National Convention where they pick one from their party to be the next candidate for the presidency. The last Convention took place in Charlotte, North Carolina in 2012 where Barack Obama was nominated for President and Joe Biden was nominated for Vice President, and as we all know that turned out well Obama won and he became the 15th Democrat to take office, the Democratic Party currently holds a minority of seats in the  House of Representatives  and a majority of seats in the  Senate

Humanities

Essay on Arguments for and against Lowering the Drinking Age

The controversy on the proper drinking age is one that has been repeatedly discussed and researched over the years. Its common to hear the argument â€Å"If someone is old enough to take a bullet for their country, they should be allowed to drink alcohol.† But is that enough justification? Some would say no. â€Å"According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) it is estimated that in 2004 there were more than 1,700 student deaths, 599,000 injuries, and 696,000 assaults annually associated with excessive drinking† (Fennell 247). Given these numbers, would lowering the drinking age really be the best thing for America’s youth? In fact, the state and federal laws for consuming alcohol are different. â€Å"The federal law†¦show more content†¦Was it a good decision to choose 21 as the legal drinking age? Research shows that â€Å"alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, and daily alcohol use has declined among young adults age 18-2 0 since the 1980s† (Wechsler). Along with the decline in consumption, the percentage of alcohol-related traffic fatalities has also dramatically declined from the 1980s until 1997 when it leveled off. (Wechsler). (Wechsler). Despite the positive results that have come about since this law was passed, it is pretty clear that it has not prevented people under 21 from obtaining and drinking alcohol. College campuses across the country report problems with students binge drinking and students who drink deliberately to get drunk (Smith). â€Å"Today, the generally accepted definition of binge drinking is the consumption of five or more drinks in a row at least once in the past 2 weeks† (Binge). Some of the reasons given for binge drinking range from being curious to trying to escape from the ever-present stress in our lives. The latter reason is more prevalent in college students. â€Å"College students are more likely to engage in heavy drinking than their peers who do not attend college with 2 in 5 students nationally engaging in binge drinking on at least 1 occasion in the past 2 weeks† (Wechsler). Some believe that making the drinking age 21 is one cause of the currentShow MoreRelatedThe Leg al Drinking Age Should Be During The United States1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate about what the legal drinking age should be in the United States has been ubiquitous. People of all ages advocate both for and against lowering the age, and some people do not even have an opinion. What has led people to their specific convictions, and what facts do they possess that support these convictions? In the following paragraphs, this popular controversy will be addressed as each position is thoroughly analyzed. Many people today advocate for the drinking age to remain where it is, suchRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Agre1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe legal age of adulthood in the United States for most purposes is 18. At the age of 18, a person enters the realm of adulthood and is assigned the rights and responsibilities associated with this legal status. For example, an 18 year old can legally sign a contract and is bound by the terms and conditions of the contract. An 18 year old can marry without parental consent, serve on a jury, and vote in state and federal elections. An 18 year old who is charged with a crime is not tried in theRead MoreShould the Drinking Age be Lowered in the United States?1017 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate on the drinking age? The United States can take a look at other States such as: Germany, the Netherlands and France, and see how successful they are. Many teenagers would jump on the bandwagon of lowering the drinking age just because they want to have the a bility to drink, the argument of being able to die for the United States but can’t drink and it would take away the â€Å"Forbidden Fruit† of drinking. Much of the older generations would jump on the bandwagon of keeping the drinking age the sameRead MoreDrinking at 18 Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking at 18 If you look around at college parties it seems as if everyone is drinking. Actually you are probably right, but over half of those people drinking are also under the legal drinking age. Drinking is one of the main forms of entertainment for the typical college student. The only problem with drinking being the main form of entertainment is that half of the students in college or 20 years or younger. This seems to be a problem all over theRead MoreThe Drinking Age Of The United States Should Be Lowered929 Words   |  4 PagesAn argument that many tend to dispute today, whether the drinking age of the United States should be lowered from 21 to 18. The drinking age for people to drink alcoholic beverages was made into law by the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. This ant enforced all states to raise their legal drinking age to 21. To get this law pass, the congress tried to strongarm the states, if the states did not comply, the government would take away their highway funds. Both arg uments for it to be lowered and toRead MoreFavors for and Against Lowering the Legal Drinking Age771 Words   |  4 PagesFactors In Favor of and Against Khimley Young Critical Thinking and Problem Solving/ Hum 200 AOS Instructor Dr. Steven Mathews October 24, 2012 Lowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18: Yea or Nay Argument in Favor of Lowering the Legal Drinking Age The age of 18 is a transitional point in life. An 18-year=old can vote, marry, enlist in the military and buy cigarettes. To some it’s absurd that an 18-year-old can vote politicians into office and fight wars for the country but cannotRead MoreLowering the Drinking Age1523 Words   |  7 Pages According to Andrew Herman, â€Å"Each year, 14,000 die from drinking too much. 600,000 are victims of alcohol related physical assault and 17,000 are a result of drunken driving deaths, many being innocent bystanders† (470). These massive numbers bring about an important realization: alcohol is a huge issue in America today. Although the problem is evident in Americans of all ages, the biggest issue is present in young adults and teens. In fact, teens begin to feel the effects of alcohol twice asRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age ( Mlda )1428 Words   |  6 Pagesthem? Since 1984 the legal drinking age has been 21, but that hasn’t stopped many of the younger adults, ag es 18-20, from partying with their friends, and consuming alcoholic beverages. It has lasted over the years as a popular way to rebel against parents, or other authority. Alcohol has a sort of â€Å"forbidden fruit† quality for young adults and teens because it is made out to be such a big deal by the government. Lowering it will get rid of this quality. The drinking age is set too high and I believeRead MoreNot Lowering the Drinking Age1642 Words   |  7 Pages28 July 2011 Not Lowering the Drinking Age Many teenage deaths in the United States are caused in some way by the influence of alcohol; however, many people still believe that the legal drinking age should be reduced to eighteen. This issue has been going on for years, but the law has not been changed since the change to twenty-one in 1980. States have become stricter about preventing under-age drinking, but teenagers have no problem getting alcohol. There are many arguments in favor of changingRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Legal974 Words   |  4 PagesThe Drinking Age For many reasons, the drinking age has been set at twenty-one years old, but has the time come to lower the drinking age? Many argue that the drinking age needs to be lowered back to eighteen for many reasons; however, studies and statistics show that lowering the drinking age is harmful and even deadly. Some people believe that binge drinking can be solved by lowering the drinking age, but lowering the drinking age is not the solution to binge drinking. Many teenagers spend their

The Medical Description Of Asthma - 1376 Words

Introduction What is asthma? The medical description of asthma is simple, but the condition itself is quite complicated. Asthma is a respiratory condition evident by contractions in the bronchi of the lungs, affecting one’s ability to breathe properly. Initially, the earliest medical record of asthma was found in China in 2400 BC. The history of the discovery of asthma as a serious respiratory disorder came to light in 400 BC, and Hippocrates first used the term ‘Asthma’ in his book ‘Corpus Hippocraticum’ where he also specified a definition for the medical term. I personally chose to study this disease because I have personally seen this condition present in many people from the evidence of their inhalers, and studies show that asthma rates are continuing to rise each day for a number of theories. Experts have classified asthma into certain groups ranging from least severe to most severe: †¢ Intermittent. Brief episodes of wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath that occur no more than twice a week. †¢ Mild persistent. Symptoms occur more than twice a week but less than once a day, and flare-ups may affect activity. Nighttime flare-ups occur more often than twice a month but less than once a week. †¢ Moderate persistent. Symptoms occur daily Flare-ups occur and usually last many days. Coughing and wheezing can affect a person’s normal activities and make it challenging to sleep. Nighttime flare-ups may occur more than once a week. †¢ Severe persistent. SymptomsShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Acute Respiratory Disease1195 Words   |  5 PagesRationale Asthma, which is a chronic respiratory disease with no developed cure. It is one of the most problematic disease not just in Philippines but to the world. The number of victims of Asthma have escalate over the years and the fact that there has been no cure up until now makes it very alarming to the researcher, however, there have been remedies developed and ways on how to control asthma but this does not guarantee that the community should be complacent. This is one of the reason that theRead MoreHow Asthma Fit Into The Healthy People 20201170 Words   |  5 PagesAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that impacts a person’s and their family’s quality of life. In people with asthma, their airway becomes constricted with swelling and excessive mucous. This constriction or narrowing of the airway makes it difficult for the person with asthma to breath (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2009). If asthma is left uncontrolled, it leads to furthe r wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, tiredness, and stress. (Massachusetts DepartmentRead MoreChronic Medical Condition : Asthma1055 Words   |  5 Pages SEMESTER 1 2015 PARAMEDIC PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PARA705 Assessment 2 Written Assignment Chronic medical condition: Asthma Word count: 2000 Introduction This assignment will explore and discuss asthma through the insight of a ten year old asthma patient Miss B. Miss B’s description of asthma will be defined whilst aligning this to current literature. Patient care treatment plans will be discussed according to the New Zealand health system, this will be contrastedRead MoreThe Health Care Delivery Team1547 Words   |  7 Pagesfailure. A physician, case manager, social worker, respiratory specialists, and registered nurse, will all work together to provide care. Case Description Patient is a 10 year-old male admitted into the hospital for Chronic Asthma. Patient is experiencing shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea, and tightness in chest area. Patient has a history of Chronic Asthma since birth. . Health Care Delivery Team According to the National Association of Social Workers (2011), the health care delivery team wouldRead MoreAsthma As A Childhood Disease1159 Words   |  5 PagesAsthma is often thought of as a childhood disease. However, asthma can affect all ages, young, old, and everyone in between. According to Kathleen Scogna, in her article, Asthma in The Gale Encyclopedia of Science, â€Å"there are approximately 7 million people 18 years of age or younger and 17.8 million adults have asthma in the United States† (Scogna 2014). Asthma can be genetic, as is often the case when diagnosed in children however, it can also present later in life. Asthma is a chronic inflammatoryRead MoreEssay 208 Task a984 Words   |  4 Pagesshould include the following information. Ai – A description of four different examples of accidents and/or sudden illnesses should occur Asthma Attack – An asthma attack is a sudden worsening of asthma symptoms caused by the tightening of muscles around the airways. During an asthma attack, the lining of the airways also become swollen or inflamed and thicker mucus, more than normal, is produced. All of these factors, cause symptoms of an asthma attack such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughingRead MoreHealthcare Policy : Health And Healthcare1502 Words   |  7 Pagesprescriptions, medical equipment; and any other expenses that exceeds the 80% covered by the insurance. Doe and his family does not use over-the-counter medications. Tricare are vs. Blue Cross, Blue Shield Anthem As I mentioned earlier, Mr. Doe was in the United States Army, wherein he and his family received healthcare coverage through Tricare Standard. John presented a distasteful attitude as he described how â€Å"bad† Tricare insurance was. Although Tricare provides free medical services, you mustRead MoreWhat Nursing Intervention Strategies The Family1237 Words   |  5 PagesObtaining a family history can link together past medical problems and can also reveal future problems that may need to be addressed. Identifying a problem before it occurs allows time for changes to be made and gives patients a better understanding of preventative care. In this paper, I am going to identify and three generation pedigree of my family, and provide a brief health history as well as a complete reproductive history of each family member. Next I will describe the ethnic background forRead MoreAnalysis Of Amrhein, Lexie Sr Flavio s Home 935 Words   |  4 Pagestaking photos and writing books, Parks was also a poet. Some of his poems include The Learning Tree (1986), A Choice of Weapons (1987), To Smile in Autumn (1988), Arias in Silence (1994), and Glimpses Toward Infinity (1996). The piece below is a description essay of one of his most touching photographs that he took in 1990 of a poor boy in Rio de Janeiro. Summary â€Å"I’ve never lost my fierce grudge against poverty. It is the most savage of all human afflictions, claiming victims who can’t mobilizeRead MoreEssay on Portfolio Analysis1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction- This report discusses a few different topics. The first topic that is discussed is what a portfolio analysis is. Next it will give a brief background of Truman Medical Center in Kansas City, Mo. Third it will describe nine products and services that the given health care organization, Truman Medical Center offers and group them in to four categories. The four categories are cash cows, stars, problem children, and dogs. What is a Portfolio Analysis-? A portfolio analysis

Foundation’s Edge PROLOGUE Free Essays

The first Galactic Empire was falling. It had been decaying and breaking down for centuries and only one man fully realized that fact. He was Hari Seldom the last great scientist of the First Empire, and it was he who perfected psychohistory – the science of human behavior reduced to mathematical equations. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation’s Edge PROLOGUE or any similar topic only for you Order Now The individual human being is unpredictable, but the reactions of human mobs, Seldon found, could be treated statistically. The larger the mob, the greater the accuracy that could be achieved. And the size of the human masses that Seldon worked with was no less than the population of all the inhabited millions of worlds of the Galaxy. Seldon’s equations told him that, left to itself, the Empire would fall and that. thirty thousand years of human misery and agony would elapse before a Second Empire would arise from the ruins. And yet, if one could adjust some of the conditions that existed, that Interregnum could be decreased to a single millennium – just one thousand years. It was to insure this that Seldon set up two colonies of scientists that he called â€Å"Foundations.† With deliberate intention, he set them up â€Å"at opposite ends of the Galaxy.† The First Foundation, which centered on physical science, was set up in the fuel daylight of publicity. The existence of the other, the Second Foundation, a world of psychohistorical and â€Å"mentalic† scientists, was drowned in silence. In The Foundation Trilogy, the story of the first four centuries of the Interregnum is told. The First Foundation (commonly known as simply â€Å"The Foundation,† since the existence of another was unknown to almost all) began as a small community lost in the emptiness of the Outer Periphery of the Galaxy. Periodically it faced a crisis in which the variables of human intercourse – and of the social and economic currents of the time – constricted about it. Its freedom to move lay along only one certain line and when it moved in that direction a new horizon of development opened before it. All had been planned by Hari Seldon, long dead now. The First Foundation with its superior science, took over the barbarized planets that surrounded it. It faced the anarchic warlords who broke away frog, a dying, empire and beat them. It faced the remnant of the Empire itself under its last strong Emperor and its last strong general – and beat it. It seemed as though the â€Å"Seldon Plan† was going through smoothly and that nothing would prevent the Second Empire from being established or, time – and with a minimum of intermediate devastation. But psychohistory is a statistical science. Always there is a small chance that something will go wrong, and something did – something which Hari Seldon could not have foreseen. One man, called the Mule, appeared atom nowhere He had mental powers in a Galaxy that lacked them. He could mold men’s emotions and shape their minds so that his bitterest opponents were made into his devoted servants. Aries could not, would not, fight him. The First Foundation fell and Seldon’s P1an seemed to lie in ruins. There was left mysterious Second Foundation, which had been caught unprepared by the sudden appearance of the Mule, but which was now slowly working out a counterattack. Its great defense was the fact of its unknown location. The Mule sought it in order to make his conquest of the Galaxy complete. The faithful of what was left of the First Foundation sought it to obtain help. Neither found it. The Mule was stopped first by the action of a woman, Bayta Darell and that bought enough time for the Second Foundation to organize the proper action and, with that, to stop the Mule permenently. Slowly they prepared to reinstate the Seldon Plan. But, in a way, the cover of the Second Foundation was gone. The First Foundation knew of the second’s existence, and the First did not want a future in which they, were overseen by the mentalists. The First Foundation was the superior in physical force, while the Second Foundation was hampered not only by that fact, but by being faced by a double task: it had not only to stop the First Foundation but had also to regain its anonymity. This the Second Foundation, under its greatest â€Å"First Speaker,† Preem salver, manages to do. The First Foundation was allowed to seem to win, to seems to defeat the Second Foundation, and it moved on to greater and greater strength in the Galaxy, totally ignorant that the Second Foundation still existed. It is now four hundred and ninety-eight years after the First Foundation had come into existence. It is at the peak of its strength, but one man does not accept appearances – How to cite Foundation’s Edge PROLOGUE, Essay examples

Labor Union Disputes Nba Lockout free essay sample

I do know about basketball but this labor dispute had really nothing to do with basketball the game but everything to do with basketball the business. I had never thought of the NBA as a business before. Picking this dispute gave me a chance to dive into information and research on how the business side of things went. I also knew I would learn many new things as this term went on. The NBA lockout began on July 1st, 2011 between the NBPA and NBA regarding the CBA. The NBPA union represents the players in the NBA. It was founded in 1954 making it the oldest of the four major United States sports leagues to have a union. Unfortunately, they were not recognized by NBA team owners until 1964. The NBA was found in New York City on June 6th, 1946 and was called the Basketball Association of America. They changed the name to Nation Basketball Association on August 3rd, 1949 after merging with their rival National Basketball League. The BAA was founded by the owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the NE and Midwestern United States and Canada. The NBA recognizes the first official game to have been played on November 1st, 1946 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The NBA started with 11 teams and now currently has 30 teams all together. 29 of those teams are within the United States and 1 team is in Canada. Bob Cousy was the player who started the NBPA by writing a letter to each of the leagues teams. All but one responded positively. After receiving the letters back Cousy went to the NBA president in the beginning of 1955 with the players’ concerns. The players wanted payment of back salaries to the members of the defunct Baltimore Bullets club, a twenty game limit on exhibition games and players should get share of the profits, eliminate the â€Å"whispering† fee, payment for promoting NBA, a board to settle player and owner disputes, moving expenses paid for traded players, as well as their payments being ten instead of twelve installments to provide more to the players who get cut. NBA president agreed to pay six Baltimore players a two week back salary but then put Cousy and the players off for another two years. In 1957 Cousy went to AFL-CIO to file for a union. The NBA then agreed to â€Å"bargain in good faith† with the players union fallowing the season. The NBPA received the basic terms of their initial offer. NBPA has many important purposes. They negotiate the terms of a CBA (Collective Bargaining Agreement) with the NBA who control the players’ employment and to make sure the NBA and teams meet their rules and regulations under the CBA. Also to monitor, discuss and insure the players have insurance benefits and retirement options as well as educating and certifying the players’ agents. It is said that at one point a player will call the NBPA for help at least once in his career whether it be about the above points or to get legal advice, negotiation on the contract, to resolve a dispute protect medical benefits and other rights or to file a grievance. As you can see there is a need for the NBPA and they do everything they can to help out the NBA players be seen as people instead of property. The collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is the contract between the NBA, made up of the commissioner and 30 team owners, and the NBPA. The contract covers the rules for player’s contracts, trades, revenue distribution, NBA draft as well as the salary cap. The NBA and NBPA have had trouble in the past. In 1995 there was a labor dispute when the NBA owners imposed a lockout but no games were lost. The first actual lockout that caused the players to lose games happened in 1998-1999 season and lasted 200 days and each of the teams playing only 50 regular season games instead of the normal 82. The CBA expired in the 2010-2011 season, which then lead to the 2011 lockout. When unionizing a workplace both sides, management and employees, each have their own views on the employment relationship to have equal efficiency, equity and voice. Business strategies for management stated in the book is broken down into two general types, one being cost leadership and the other differentiation. Cost leadership emphasizes on low cost which means to have the lowest possible labor costs. Differentiation strategy is an emphasis on features without losing quality. David Stern started as an outside counsel to the NBA in 1966. After 12 years in 1978 he joined the NBA as the general counsel and soon became the executive vice president in 1980. In 1984 he became the commissioner of the NBA and is credited with spiking the popularity of the NBA in the 1990’s and 2000’s. During a regular season each team will play 82 games. 41 of those games will be home and the other 41 away games. Over 5 seasons each team will have played 80 games against their own division, 180 games against the rest of their conference, and 150 games against other conference. On the 16th Thursday of the season is the deadline for being allowed to exchange players with other teams for the remainder of the season however they may still sign and release players still. The regular season ends around the middle of April and they begin voting for individual awards. Then shortly after the NBA playoff start. So far there have been two other lockouts in the NBA. The first one started July 1st 1995 and ended September 12th 1995. This lockout happened in the off season so luckily no games were lost. The second one was during the 1998-1999 season. The season didn’t start until February 5th 1999 which resulted in 464 games being lost for the season. This lockout lasted 200 days and ended up having the 29 NBA teams playing a 50 game schedule for the season. The inability to bargain was a major reason for the 2011 NBA lockout. NBPA accused the league of negotiating in â€Å"bad faith†. Their reasoning for accusing them was because they believed the league was failing to provide critical financial data to the union and continued to threaten to lock out the players. The term â€Å"in bad faith† is a grey area. It’s hard to draw the line between good faith and bad faith, as every perception is different. Four major examples of bad faith bargaining would be, making unilateral changes, direct dealing, refusing to provide information and surface bargaining. Unilateral changes is when an employer changes things such as wages, benefits or other terms and conditions of employment without bargaining first with the union. Direct dealing is when the employer tries to undermine a union by interacting directly with the employees with respect to bargaining issues. Refusing to provide information explains itself, but the information would pertain to something such as job evaluation data, standards for merit raises, and health and safety statistics. The last major example is surface bargaining, which is when an employer or union goes through the motions of bargaining but does not sincerely try to reach an agreement. Since the NBA and NBPA had such a difficult time bargaining with each other there were many â€Å"work days† lost. These work days or game days affected more than just the owners and the players. It affected the people working inside the arena’s where the games would take place, ticket sellers, merchandizing, as well as fans. An estimated 400 NBA jobs were lost due to the layoffs from the lockout. 200 of the jobs lost were within the league office and another 200 among the 30 teams. Because the lockout dragged on toward holiday season, the workers felt the impact. The people who lost their jobs had to go find part-time work in order to make up for their loss of income. For canceling just the NBA preseason the league lost over $200 million. They lost a total of 100 games from the lockout. The league lost between $6 and $10 million for every game. Each month of the lockout the players lost $350 million. The average player lost $220,000 after the first missed paycheck on November 15th, 2011. The NBA did compensate the players $100,000 for their salaries falling below the 57% BRI level in 2010-2011. Bargaining is a key term in any company setting. However, in a union it is the biggest component. It can help or hurt a union and or company extremely. In the NBA lockout the biggest reason for bargaining was the wages. The NBA wanted to cut the salary so much that the union was not okay with it and would not agree. The consequence for not being able to agree on a new CBA cost them even more money. The players were willing to cut their salary but not as much as the NBA was wanting to. Before the NBA lockout happened on July 1st, 2011 there were negotiations being made on a new CBA. The league claimed it was losing $300 million dollars a year and wanted to cut players salary by 40% and institute a hard salary cap. A hard salary cap is a limit on total amount of money that the NBA teams are allowed to pay their players. It is subject to a confusing system of rules and what would be exceptions. Obviously the union challenged those numbers and protested the changes. In May of 2011 the NBPA filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board stating that the league was negotiating in bad faith but failing to provide the union with important financial data and threatening to lock out players. After that the NBA quickly came back saying that they fully comply with the federal labor laws. The union also considered to file an antitrust lawsuit against the NBA. An antitrust lawsuit is when employees represented by a union can petition to decertify the union. They must provide evidence that at least 30% of the union supports the decertification and are bound by the same contract rules as an outside union would be. Decertification elections are subject to the same rules concerning improper campaign conduct as elections initiated by a union. August 1st, 2011 the first bargaining session began but quickly ended three hours later since neither side could negotiate effectively. On August 2, 2011 the NBA filed two unfair labor practice claims against the NBPA accusing the players of not being cooperative in negotiations and making threats to dissolve the union and file antitrust lawsuits. It was said on August 4th by the players union director, Billy Hunter thought that the entire 2011-2012 season would most likely be canceled. The NBPA and the NBA owners sat down again on August 31st, 2011 to negotiate a second time around. Nothing specific were disclosed however both sides were hoping to meet again soon. On September 13th the union and owners met for more negotiating but the meeting ended very soon. The NBA canceled training camp on September 23rd when the camp was supposed to start October 3rd. Another meeting was then planned for September 30th. This meeting too failed. Shortly after on October 4th the NBA canceled the remainder of the preseason which in turn would make them lose $200 million. Following the cancelation the NBA and NBPA met again 6 more times, all of which ended with no agreement the last of those six meetings was on October 20th. After all of these attempts to come up with a new CBA the players said the NBA was negotiating in â€Å"bad faith† and on November 14th they dissolved the union and turned into a trade association. This allowed the players to be represented by lawyers in a class action lawsuit against the NBA. On November 15th a group of NBA players who included Carmelo Anthony, Chauncey Billups, Kawhi Leonard and Leon Powe filed an antitrust lawsuit against the NBA in a California federal court. In a Minnesota federal court some more players of the NBA such as Anthony Tolliver, Ben Gordon, Caron Butler and Derrick Williams filed their own suit against the NBA. November 15 would have been the day the players were to receive their first paychecks if the season was played like originally planned. The California lawsuit was dropped on November 21st 2011 in order to merge with the Minnesota lawsuit. David Boies was hopping that this would help speed up the process since the courts would most likely merge the suits anyway since they are similar complaints seeking the same outcome. After this the league had until December 5th to respond in court. However it never got to that point because the NBPA was re-formed as a union on December 1st and the new CBA was wrote up on December 8th 2011. If the NBA did not consist of a union I don’t believe the outlook would change much for the 2011 lockout. Since our society is so wrapped up in media this event would always make headlines whether the players were in a union or not. Obviously the lockout probably wouldn’t have happened since there would be no CBA to agree upon again. However I do think that the players would fight back against the NBA regardless. The reason why I do think that they would fight back is because when the NBPA dissolved the union they did so in order to file an antitrust lawsuit. This means that even though they were no longer a union they were still willing to take a stand in their rights as human beings. Union or nonunion this dispute would still appear in headlines, it would just be under different circumstances. The lockout is currently an employee/employer relationship. If you take this dispute as a whole you can generalize that the reason for the lockout was because management and employees did not agree with each other. This does happen quite often in many companies, unions or not. If the company is not a union the employees do have less of a say what is happening, however, they can and should still stand up for what they think is fair and right in an given situation. Disagreeing is common among everyday life. Not every person agrees completely with one another on every subject. You are bound to have disputes in the workplace about a number of things. These disputes can be as small as if a coffee pot or refrigerator being put in a break room and can be as big as how much employees are getting paid or how much their pay may be getting cut. As you do see these conflicts do happen and often and it is normal for companies to have frequent disputes. It’s hard to say what would happen if this dispute happened in the future and if the labor relations and practices were changed. There are a lot of ifs in that and those rely on a number of things to be changed or that could change. If somehow a law was passed that unions would no longer be able to exist that would change this dispute a lot legally. If that were the case there would be no CBA contract to renew and no compromises to be made. The players still could take a stand if they wanted but they would not be protected or have the right to be heard by the owners of the NBA. Even if a drastic change such as outlawing unions happened I do think that the players would fight back. They would somehow find a way to fight against the NBA for completing to trying to complete such huge changes that would affect their careers. The final conclusion between the NBA and the NBPA was not just as simple as how much the players were getting paid; it went far deeper than that. It’s hard for me to draw up my own resolution when what they agreed upon was fair in my mind, considering where both sides stood. Each side did have people who vocally said to the media that they did not agree with or want the changes that were made in the new CBA. The length of the agreement was changed as well as 17 other topics. These other 17 topics included, revenue split, escrow, amnesty provision, revenue sharing, minimum team salary, luxury tax, distribution of luxury-tax funds, additional limits for taxpaying teams, stretch provision, free agents and restricted free agency, new contracts, contract extensions, midlevel exception, disabled player exception, trade rules, base year compensation, as well as re-signing a traded player were changed. This CBA was a tentative agreement or a â€Å"trial† agreement between both sides. In my perspective they wrote this rough draft up on the basics on what they could agree upon so they could in turn start the season. The lockout was more than just a simple union dispute. It was a complete change in the entire scheme of how each side worked with each other to compromise enough to sustain one another. In other words this CBA that was wrote was in comparison like writing and entire new employee/employer handbook as well as changing key factors in almost every aspect of their professional relationship. The spectrum of changes was so broad that the compromises made to start the season were only the surface issues. There were many under lying issues that needed to be addressed in the CBA over a certain amount of time but the 18 things that I mentioned are the framework for this. With the amount of things that were changed it is be incredibly difficult to come up with my own overall resolution. To me the one topic that stood out the most due to the drastic change was how they changed the disabled player exception. In the last CBA (2005) it stated that if a player was injured and could not play the team was allowed to find a replacement, offering them a 5 year contract with their salary being the lower half of the player they were replacing with an 8% increase every year for the 5 years. Now on the 2011 CBA this was dramatically changed to a single year contract for the replacement of the injured player but keeping the same salary basis as the 2005 CBA with no increase due to the 1 year contract. The previous CBA benefited the team and the new CBA benefits the injured player based on the fact that if a player was injured during the length of the 2005 CBA they were in fear of being benched because if their replacement did well during their recovery time the injured player could have their spot taken from them and not play. I would change this for the replacement player’s benefit by changing the agreement to a two year contract allowing the replacement player the oppurtunity to prove himself beneficial to the team rather than being just a replacement for the injured player. This would help unsigned or free agent players the ability to earn a permanent contract with a given team. I believe a single season performance is not a fair amount of time for a player to adapt to a new environment and shine though enough to acquire a full contract with that given team. Two years is a fair amount of time for the players of the team, the coaches and the replacement player to find team coordination. It is also enough time for the replacement player to prove himself as an asset to the team. As a whole the lockout to me was much more than a single disagreement. It was about the entire scheme of how the business was run on both the NBA and NBPA sides. This issue was a very public and complex dispute. Also what makes this event hard to analyze is with the time frame in which they had to come up with an agreement with so many issues in order to not loose even more money, not to mention the effect on the fans, towns, stadium and concessions employees and the possible damage to the entire nation’s economy. Such an intricate dispute as this one where almost every aspect of the CBA was changed should not have been expected to be resolved easily. Bibliography: Budd, John W. Labor Relations: Striking a Balance. 3rd Edition. New York: Ducham, 2010. Print. Beck, Howard. â€Å"N. B. A. Season in Peril as Players Reject Offer. † The New York Times. The New York Times. 14 November 2011. Web. 21 March 2012 Aschburner, Steve. â€Å"NBA lockout timeline. † NBA. NBA. 9 December 2011. Web. 21 March 2012. Aschburner, Steve. â€Å"NBA heads into lockout after sides can’t get deal done. † NBA. NBA. 1 July 2011. Web. 21 March 2012. Beck, Howard. â€Å"N. B. A. Reaches a Tentative Deal to Save the Season. † The New York Times. The New York Times. 6 November 2011. Web. 21 March 2012. â€Å"National Basketball Players Association. † Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. â€Å"2011 NBA lockout. † Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Bradley, Robert. â€Å"Labor Pains Nothing New to the NBA. † APBR. The Association for Professional Basketball Research. Web. 21 March 2012. Coon, Larry. â€Å"Break ing down changes in the new CBA. † ESPN. ESPN. 28 November 2011. Web. 21 March 2012. FoxNews. com. â€Å"NBA Owners, Players Reach a Tentative Deal to End Lockout. † Fox News. Fox News. 26 November 2011. Web. 21 March 2012 Nbpa. org. Web. 21 March 2012

Michigan Auto Parts Essay Example For Students

Michigan Auto Parts Essay For example, rent on the basis of floor area. The above mentioned methods are called as direct method (in case of direct identification with cost centre) and cost-driver method (i. E. Allocation on a suitable basis). Both these methods holds good only in case of firms dealing with single line products. In case of multiple products or different class of products these methods cannot be used for the following reasons: a) A single product may have a different cost driver. For example in this case wages paid to plant maintenance staff can be allocated on the basis of inspection mime or production of the plant or on the basis of number of products. ) Also the high volume products but less significant products will be over- priced if we use direct method of allocation overheads. The suitable method for firms dealing with multiple products is Activity Based Costing (BBC) Method. Under this method Overheads of a particular activity Or product is related using cost drivers and common overhead s are allocated on a suitable basis. In case Of multiple cost drivers ,the most prominent or dominant cost driver is used. In the given case, the Cafe products were classified into three classes to analyze its cost competitiveness. Let us first relate the overheads with the product class. Identification of Overheads with products Account Head Nature of Overheads I Related Class of Product Reason I Class Ill I | 1000 | Wages to Non-skilled personnel Less skilled employees will be employed for less important tasks I Salary for all plant employees except I Class and Class II | 1500 Assumed to be relevant to these classes and engineers setting up machines elaborations based on their direct labor cost 12000 Cloves, safety goggles and packing I Class II and Class AS these items are more relevant for semi-skilled I I material and unskilled labor tools and spare parts 13000 loose I Common expense to be allocated to all classes I 4000 | Indirect material (Purchased utilities) Class II Assumed as to be relevant to Class II 15000 Wages for skilled Non-Production I Class The degree Of supervision required for this class employees for supervision and maintenance list more than Other classes 8000 Property Taxes and Depreciation Common expense to be allocated to all classes 1 19000 tether Expenses I Common expense to be allocated to all classes II 1000 | Setup Cost of machinery Class I More relevant for low volume but highly important I I products 1 112000 TOT and other benefits to production I Class and Class II Same as 1500 above 1 114000 workers TOT and other benefits to skilled I Class I I Same as 5000 above minion I non-production workers referred I above Allocation of Overheads to Each Class Products (Amount in SHOO) I I Account Head 12003 12004 12005 Basis of Allocation Total OH I IA) Revenue | 226,542 | 133,422 price and Sales quantity) 86,987 | 79,393 143. 34 48,424 I I(Same as 2005 as there is no change in selling B) Cost i) Direct Expenses (as per Working below) ii) Indirect Expenses/Overheads I I(Assuming same production quantities and Overhead Allocation Rate as per Question 1) iii) Total 91 , 458 60,162 166,380 I I C) Profit 141 I I Expected Direct Expenses (Material and Labor) for the year 2006 1 12006 122422 143,352 120,613 Note: Since any incr easing/decreasing trend is not observed, only simple average is used for estimating direct expenses for the year 2006. A) Overhead Allocation Rate The Overhead Allocation will not vary if no product is dropped. Since they are pre-determined and all other factors like production, selling price etc are same. However, if Manifold Product line is dropped then the Overhead Allocation rate will be reduced to the tune of reduction in Overhead expenses on account of outsourcing manifold product line. .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c , .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .postImageUrl , .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c , .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c:hover , .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c:visited , .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c:active { border:0!important; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c:active , .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0ff80d94dee0926075d9b202316bc1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Socioreligious Significance of Rice A comparis EssayThe working is shown below: I Particulars Overhead Allocation Rate for 2005 (Class II) in Expected Overheads on account of dropping Manifold 30969 | I (79,393 . 48,424 as per Expected costs) Percentage decrease on account of dropping Manifold ) Overhead Allocation Rate tort the year 2006 lb) Decrease 4. Would you outsource manifolds from the CAP in 2006? Why or why not? What more information would you want before reaching your final decision? There are two aspects to be considered on deciding to outsource manifolds they a) Revenue aspect, and b) Class Of the Product. Considering the effect Of revenue on dropping mani folds (refer question 3), we may outsource manifolds as it increases the profits. But considering the expenses there is no significant increase in direct expenses or overheads. With selling prices remaining constant in the year 2006, this product will give a reasonable and regular return. Also Manifolds belonged to Class II products till 2003. Hence, CAP should try to find the defects in its production for developing it as a Class II Product and thereafter a World Class product to regain its competitive advantage. So in my view it is not worth to drop a Class II category product with assured returns and reasonable demand. It at all CAP wishes to any cost cutting operations they may employ some skilled labor for supervision of Manifolds in lieu of unskilled/ unnecessary labor.